Masa:Tahun Bulan/Tahun Matahari Dalam Quran

Masa adalah angkubah yang paling penting dalam mana-mana perkiraan sains. Manusia tidak mampu memahami masa kerana ia melibatkan alam sejagat yang sentiasa berubah dan bergerak.Apa yang kita fahami amat sedikit sahaja yaitu bergantung kepada pergerakan antara bumi,bulan dan matahari

Dalam ayat 5 Surah Yunus:

هُوَ ٱلَّذِى جَعَلَ ٱلشَّمۡسَ ضِيَآءً۬ وَٱلۡقَمَرَ نُورً۬ا وَقَدَّرَهُ ۥ مَنَازِلَ لِتَعۡلَمُواْ عَدَدَ ٱلسِّنِينَ وَٱلۡحِسَابَ‌ۚ مَا خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ ذَٲلِكَ إِلَّا بِٱلۡحَقِّ‌ۚ يُفَصِّلُ ٱلۡأَيَـٰتِإِ  لِقَوۡمٍ۬ يَعۡلَمُونَ (٥

He it is Who appointed the sun a splendour and the moon a light, and measured for her stages, that ye might know the number of the years, and the reckoning. Allah created not (all) that save in truth. He detaileth the revelations for people who have knowledge. (5)

Dalam ayat ini diterangkan bahawa bulan bergerak dalam satu paksi yang melalui beberapa peringkat(manazil)


Dalam surah Taubah ayat 36:


إِنَّ عِدَّةَ ٱلشُّہُورِ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ٱثۡنَا عَشَرَ شَہۡرً۬ا فِى ڪِتَـٰبِ ٱللَّهِ يَوۡمَ خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ مِنۡہَآ أَرۡبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ۬‌ۚ 
 Lo! the number of the months with Allah is twelve months by Allah's ordinance in the day that He created the heavens and the earth. Four of them are sacred


Dalam bahasa Arab: kalimah Am dan Sanah adalah bermaksud tahun dan mereka menggunakan kedua-duanya tanpa apa-apa perbezaan.Tetapi di dalam Al-Quran ia mempunyai makna yang berbeza


Perkataan sanah adalah tahun bulan dan "Am adalah tahun matahari.


Adalah dimaklum bahawa perubahan cuaca empat musim adalah berkaitan dengan tahun matahari dan kedudukan bumi dengan matahari adalah tetap dan tak berubah.Sebab itu musim sejuk di kutub utara adalah pada bulan December setiap tahun sedangkan umat Islam yang menyambut hari raya akan dapati perubahan hari dan bulan dari setahun ke setahun kerana berdasarkan tahun bulan.


Dalam al-quran ada dua kesah ;satu adalah kesah penghuni gua(ashabul kahfi)-surah al-Kahfi dan satu lagi dalam surah al-Baqarah ayat 259 di mana kedua-dua kalimah ini digunakan

أَوۡ كَٱلَّذِى مَرَّ عَلَىٰ قَرۡيَةٍ۬ وَهِىَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَىٰ عُرُوشِهَا قَالَ أَنَّىٰ يُحۡىِۦ هَـٰذِهِ ٱللَّهُ بَعۡدَ مَوۡتِهَا‌ۖ فَأَمَاتَهُ ٱللَّهُ مِاْئَةَ عَامٍ۬ ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُ ۥ‌ۖ قَالَ ڪَمۡ لَبِثۡتَ‌ۖ قَالَ لَبِثۡتُ يَوۡمًا أَوۡ بَعۡضَ يَوۡمٍ۬‌ۖ قَالَ بَل لَّبِثۡتَ مِاْئَةَ عَامٍ۬ 

(ayat 259-surah baqarah)

" Or (bethink thee of) the like of him who, passing by a township which had fallen into utter ruin, exclaimed: How shall Allah give this township life after its death? And Allah made him die a hundred years, then brought him back to life. He said: How long hast thou tarried? (The man) said: I have tarried a day or part of a day. (He) said: Nay, but thou hast tarried for a hundred years."

Dalam kesah ini lelaki yang bangkit selepas seratus tahun mendapati keadaan cuacanya sama semasa ia tidur mula-mula dulu lantas mengatakan bahawa ia tidur seperti sehari sahaja.Sekiranya ia bangkit selepas seratus tahun tahun bulan sudah tentu cuacanya berlainan.Di sini Allah gunakan kalimah عَامٍ۬.

Manakala dalam surah Kahfi:

 قَالَ قَآٮِٕلٌ۬ مِّنۡہُمۡ ڪَمۡ لَبِثۡتُمۡ‌ۖ قَالُواْ لَبِثۡنَا يَوۡمًا أَوۡ بَعۡضَ يَوۡمٍ۬‌ۚ قَالُواْ رَبُّكُمۡ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَا لَبِثۡتُمۡ(ayat 19)
 A speaker from among them said: How long have ye tarried? They said: We have tarried a day or some part of a day, (Others) said: Your Lord best knoweth what ye have tarried. 
وَلَبِثُواْ فِى كَهۡفِهِمۡ ثَلَـٰثَ مِاْئَةٍ۬ سِنِينَ وَٱزۡدَادُواْ تِسۡعً۬ا 
And (it is said) they tarried in their Cave three hundred years and add nine


Dalam ayat ini Allah SWT memberi isyarat sesuatu,tidak disebutnya tiga ratus sembilan tahun 309(sanah) tetapi disebut 300 tahun ditambah 9.
Dalam 309 tahun bulan(lunar years)bumi kembali ke tempat asal sebab itu tak ada perubahan cuaca kepada ashabul kahfi.Ia juga bermakna 300 tahun matahari=309 tahun bulan.Berdasarkan hubungan ini maka  kita dapati tahun matahari ada 365.2422 hari,tahun bulan(lunar) ada 354.604 hari yaitu tahun bulan adalah pendek 10.6382 hari berbanding dengan tahun matahari.Satu bulan lunar adalah mempunyai 29.55 hari.


Dalam surah Ankabut ayat 14 di sebut Am dan Sanah bersama-sama.


 وَلَقَدۡ أَرۡسَلۡنَا نُوحًا إِلَىٰ قَوۡمِهِۦ فَلَبِثَ فِيهِمۡ أَلۡفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمۡسِينَ عَامً۬ا
And verily we sent Noah (as Our messenger) unto his folk, and he continued with them for a thousand years save fifty years;
Kalau lah maksud Am dan Sanah sama jarak masa maka penggunaan sebegini tak memberi faedah.Berdasarkan perkiraan kaitan yang lepas,1000 tahun bulan(354604 hari=970 tahun matahari) tolak( 50 tahun matahari=51.5 tahun bulan.)Jadi Nabi Nuh as tinggal bersama kaumnya selama 948.5 tahun bulan bersamaan 920 tahun matahari.


Masa adalah relatif samada dalam kehidupan kita di mana kita merasa masa cukup cepat dan kadang-kadang dalam suasana perit atau menunggu-nunggu masa adalah sangat panjang.Sebenarnya hari-hari di bumi ini hanya mengikut  peredaran antara bumi,matahari dan bulan.Kita sedia maklum tentang alam sejagat yang amat luas dan alam yang kita tidak ketahui.Kadang-kadang Allah sebut satu hari disisiNya seumpama seribu tahun kita dan ada disebut seumpama lima puloh ribu tahun kita


وَيَسۡتَعۡجِلُونَكَ بِٱلۡعَذَابِ وَلَن يُخۡلِفَ ٱللَّهُ وَعۡدَهُ ۥ‌ۚ وَإِنَّ يَوۡمًا عِندَ رَبِّكَ كَأَلۡفِ سَنَةٍ۬ مِّمَّا تَعُدُّونَ
And they will bid thee hasten on the Doom, and Allah faileth not His promise, but lo! a Day with Allah is as a thousand years of what ye reckon(Haj-47)


 تَعۡرُجُ ٱلۡمَلَـٰٓٮِٕڪَةُ وَٱلرُّوحُ إِلَيۡهِ فِى يَوۡمٍ۬ كَانَ مِقۡدَارُهُ ۥ خَمۡسِينَ أَلۡفَ سَنَةٍ۬
 (Whereby) the angels and the Spirit ascend unto Him in a Day whereof the span is fifty thousand years
( Maarij -4)


(Taken from www.scientificquran.com by Dr Mohamad Wagdi)

My Journey with Quran

I'm blessed with a family whom my late father was a quranic teacher.A strict disciplinarian I managed to read quran in very early age.

Later i did not gain much in the school. Just revision of what i already got from my father.

My understanding and reading of gone" exponential "during days at medical school in Cairo.Nothing strange.Arabic language is the key to understand quran. During my childhood my father pressed me to memorise the few short suras especially for "namat" or the end of the stage of the learning reading quran where there was to be an occasion you r

ead these memorise verses following somebody who would read before you and you followed him reading phrase-ayat by ayat.There would be a special pulut semangat for each of the students to taste few bites of the pulut.Many times the occasion was hold in conjunction with ritual circumcision.

But in Cairo i got myself motivated with the help of usrah groups.So by end of my medical years i managed to memorised from surah 26 downwards to the last surah with couples of other surah.

Few factors that helped me.The first one the radio station:izaatul quran or quranic broadcast.Every there will be a reciter who will read and complete reading quran the whole week and my favourite one was Sheikh Khosairi.When i came back on holiday i was surprised that the quranic reading by Sheikh Khosairi

on the tape that was played either in the mosque or elsewhere was different from what I am hearing at Cairo which was much sweeter and powerful.

So i followed the reading week-on-week and followed the rhythmic intonation and that really smoothed me to bury inside my cortex.

The second one was more dramatic.I followed the friday sermons of a sheikh who used the session for tafsir quran: Sheikh Mutaal Jabari.Sometime i taped his sermons.Every week he would tafsir few ayats of a particular surah and what i did was to memorise that few ayats before the sermons and reinforced after that week in week out.This method gave me 2 surah:Yusof and Taha.

The third factor is of course my many good friends especially the Azharian medical students.They have to memorise few stipulated surah for their examination plus they were also memorising extra surah so i kept myself as their good company within their healthy environment as we stay

ed together in the same neighbourhood.

My first surah to memorise then was Surah Anfal.A kind of young energetic with very much spiritful i loved the surah as the content was surrounding the battle of Badr.

Back in Malaysia for good.No new surah gained.The life of medical officer in early stage was much of heavy manual works plus working in a new NGOs setting new kindergarten,new primary school all gave me not much time to memorise new things.All the time spend to maintain the memorised surah with specific days for a specific juz: sunday for juz 26,monday for juz 27 etc.

Then came my subspeciality training period.I tried the conventional method of memorising quran and as i did in my young days at Cairo.I tried to memorise AlBaqarah.Trying very hard, still not very successful.I spend every early morning sitting on chair looking through the window grazing at the quiet neighborhood of Albany Street Chicago.Overlapping of ayat.Very unhappy.

At age 45 i'm already considered myself age 50 putting to the nearest 10 digit.Now i promised myself.Allah helped me in memorising all the delicate anatomy of human body,of spines and its intricacies why i could not use the way i learnt and memorised medical books to memorise quran

Then i started duplicating my method of learning and memorising using illustrated quran pasted on all the walls of my house.Then alhamdulillah,i got what i wanted.